Six hours later...

I finally figured out why my Feature would not create my Site Columns and Content Types.

I mistyped the ElementManifests statement in the Feature definition.

Instead of using the ElementManifest tag I used the ElementFile tag. Uggg...

<Feature xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/" ...>
    <ElementManifests>
        <ElementManifest Location="SiteColumns.xml"/> <!-- Right -->
        <ElementFile Location="SiteColumns.xml"/> <!-- Wrong -->
    </ElementManifests>
</Feature>

Rookie mistake. I didn't look closely at my Feature file because I was sure I had screwed up something in the element file that contained by Field definitions.

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